Yes.
If the solution criterion is different, then the puzzle being posed is in essence different, even if the setup is the same. It wouldn't be a duplicate of the previous puzzle.
A few caveats (which are probably obvious, but just to deal with all aspects here):
- You should state your inspiration and link to the original puzzle, not claim the new version as completely original.
- You should make clear in your puzzle exactly how it's different from the original one, to ward off potential close votes from less careful readers.
- It may not be a duplicate, but that doesn't necessarily make it a good puzzle or an interesting variant. We can agree on meta that close-votes shouldn't be used, but downvotes can always be used at the voter's discretion.
An example of on-topic-but-bad: someone could post a formation-of-numbers puzzle asking to construct these numbers using those digits and the operations $+,-,\times,\div$, and someone else could post a separate puzzle asking to construct the same numbers using the same digits and the operations $\%,\div,!,\hat{}$; these would be two different puzzles, but not necessarily good ones.
An example of on-topic-and-good: mathematical strategy games such as Nim can often be played in two versions: normal, where the player to make the last possible move wins, and misere, where the player to make the last possible move loses. The setup of the game could be identical, but two very different problems could be posed, depending on whether you want a normal-winning strategy or a misere-winning strategy. These could both be valid and interesting puzzles, and certainly not duplicates.